Macnab's Backache

Musculoskeletal Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, and Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine

Classification of Low Back Pain and Alerts for Different Age Groups

Spondylogenic Back Pain: Osseous and Intervertebral Lesions

Spondylogenic Back Pain: Soft Tissue Lesions and Pain Mechanisms

Epidemiology and Natural History of Spondylogenic Backache

Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis

Inflammatory Spondyloarthropathies and Lesions of the Sacroiliac Joints

The History

Examination of the Back

Disc Degeneration without Root Irritation: Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain

Disc Degeneration with Root Irritation: Disc Ruptures

Disc Degeneration with Root Irritation: Spinal Stenosis

The Investigation

Differential Diagnosis of Low Back Pain

Injections

Pain

Complications and Failures of Spinal Surgery