Essential Ultrasound Anatomy

1. INTRODUCTION 1
Ultrasound Basics 2
Different Probes for Different Applications 2
Using Ultrasound Probes 3
Appearance of Tissues in Ultrasound Images 5
Basic “Knobology” and Image Optimization 7
2. BASIC ULTRASOUND PHYSICS 9
Sound Waves 10
Attenuation 13
Ultrasound Probes 15
Producing an Image 18
Specular Reflection and Diffuse Reflection 20
Bioeffects of Ultrasound Energy 23
3. BACK 25
Lumbar Spine 26
Review of the Anatomy 26
Technique 27
4. UPPER LIMB 33
Brachial Plexus 34
Review of the Anatomy 34
Technique 35
Shoulder 39
Review of the Anatomy 39
Technique 41
Arm 49
Review of the Anatomy 49
Technique 50
Elbow 53
Review of the Anatomy 53
Technique 55
Distal Forearm, Wrist, and Hand 63
Review of the Anatomy 63
Technique 65
5. LOWER LIMB 77
Proximal Thigh and Inguinal Region 78
Review of the Anatomy 78
Technique 81
Gluteal region 88
Review of the Anatomy 88
Technique 90
Thigh 95
Review of the Anatomy 95
Technique 97
Knee 108
Review of the Anatomy 108
Technique 111
Leg 120
Review of the Anatomy 120
Technique 123
Ankle and Foot 131
Review of the Anatomy 131
Technique 135
6. THORAX: CHEST WALL AND PLEURA 147
Review of the Anatomy 148
Technique 150
7. HEART 153
Review of the Anatomy 154
Technique 157
8. ABDOMEN 161
Abdominal Wall 162
Review of the Anatomy 162
Technique 164
Peritoneum, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Liver 167
Review of the Anatomy 167
Technique 171
Gallbladder 180
Review of the Anatomy 180
Technique 181
Spleen and Kidneys 183
Review of the Anatomy 183
Technique 185
Pancreas 189
Review of the Anatomy 189
Technique 190
Abdominal Vessels 192
Review of the Anatomy 192
Technique 195
9. NECK, FACE, EYE 203
Neck 204
Review of the Anatomy 204
Technique 210
Viscera of the Neck 216
Review of the Anatomy 216
Technique 218
Face 223
Review of the Anatomy 223
Technique 227
Eye and Orbit 228
Review of the Anatomy 228
Technique 229
10. FEMALE PELVIS 231
Review of the Anatomy 232
Technique 234
11. MALE PELVIS 237
Review of the Anatomy 238
Erection and Ejaculation 241
Technique 242
12. FOCUSED ASSESSMENT WITH SONOGRAPHY FOR TRAUMA (FAST) 245
Overview of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma 246
Review of the Anatomy 247
Right Upper Quadrant 248
Technique 248
Left Upper Quadrant 251           
Technique 251
Suprapubic Views of Abdomen/Pelvis 253
Technique 253
Heart and Pericardial Space 257
13.  MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 259
INDEX 269